Method of forming explosive mixtures



Patented Oct. 20, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CARL BREER, OFSUMMIT, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGN'OR TO CHRYSLER CORPORATION, OF

-HIGHLAND PARK, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE METHOD OF FORMINGEXPLOSIVE MIXTURES Application filed January 26, 1923. Serial No.615,129.

The construction formingthe subject of this invention is particularlyadvantageous in connection with automobiles driven by internalcombustion engines and provides a 5 simple and eflicient means forstarting such engines particularly in cold weather. The common method ofstarting explosive engines in cold weather is to adjust the carburetorusually through the action of a choke valve 10 so as to deliver manytimes over the proper quantity of liquid to form an explosive mixture.The result of this action is to supply a suflicient quantity of thelighter constituents of the fuel to form a sufiicient amount of vapor toform with the incoming air an explosive mixture, the heavierconstitutents of the fuel being carried into the engine with all theattendant disadvantages incident to the delivery of liquid fuel to theengine.

In carrying out the present invention the air is passed or drawn throughthe liquid fuel taking up a sufficient quantity of the lighterconstitutents of the fuel to form a rich mixture and this mixture issuppliedto the engine initially to start the engine, after which theexplosive mixture of the engine is formed in the usual manner byspraying the liquid into the incoming air as is done with the ordinarycarburetor. The details of the structure forming the subject matter ofthe invention will appear more fully from the specification and claims.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings as followsFig. 1 shows a side elevation in outline, parts being in section, of anautomobile tank and connections leading to the intake tube.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged section of a device for I introducing air throughthe fuel supply. 40

Fig. 3 a section on the line AA in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 a diagram showing a gasoline distillation curve.

1 marks the engine cylinder, 2 the intake tube or manifold, 3 acarburetor, 4 a throttle controlling the carburetor, 5 the carburetornozzle, 5a the usual float chamber, 6 a vacuum tank, 7 a connectionbetween the carburetor and the vacuum tank, 8 a connection between theintake manifold and the vacuum tank, and 9 a connection between the fueltank 10 and the vacuum tank. These are usually of ordinary construction.The tank is supplied with an opening 11 which is commonly provided witha re-enforcing ring 11a around its edges. A fitting 12 is secured to thering 11a by screws 18. An air passage 14 extends through the fitting 12and a protected cap 15 is carried by the fitting and extends over theupper end of the intake. A tube 16 extends downwardly from the opening14 and is provided with a return bend 17 at its lower end from which aprojecting tube 18 extends. The tube 18 enters an opening 19 in thefitting and the opening 19 discharges by Way of an opening 20 to the topof the tank. The tube 18 is provided with a constriction 21 to which anozzle 22 leads. For convenience the supply tank is vented by a smallconnection 16a leading from the upper end of the tube 16 to the upperend of the tube 18, thus putting the upper end of the tank through theopening 20 in communication at all times with the atmosphere through avent opening fairly well protected.

A mixture outlet opening 23 is formed in the fitting 12 and this isconnected by a pipe 24 with the intake manifold. It is supplied with acut-ofl valve 25 which has a stem 26. This stem is supplied with anoperating handle 27 and extends through the dash 28 of the automobile.

The opening 23 has an enlargement 29 in which is arranged a thimble 30with a central opening 31. A disc 32 is arranged above the thimble 30and it has the peripheral openings 33. The disc forms a check valve forpreventing a back-flow of gases in the event of back-firing at theengine.

Under the broader features of my invention the return bend 17 might beomitted and the air drawn directly through the volume of the fuel butthis may so expand the body of the fuel as to lift its level to a pointwhere ture and pressure. By observing the distillation curve it willreadily be seen that assuming that ten per cent of the fuel willvaporize at the pressure and temperature to which it is subjected onegallon in ten of the fuel can be perfectly vaporized at this temperatureand forms an eflicient explosive mixture. With the device a foglikemixture is formed just at the discharge side of the constriction andconsequently a mixture utilizing the lightest ends of the fuel may betaken up for starting purposes. With this device it will be noted thatthe engine is started by drawing off the lighter ends of the fuel, themixture being formed by passing air through the fuel much in excess ofwhat the air takes up. In other words there is a sorting of the fuel forstarting. After the starting is accomplished the continued action of theengine is produced by spraying the fuel into the air with the ordinarycarburetor action.

With this form of starting the introduction of liquid fuel into theengine in starting may be almost, if not entirely, obviated. I prefer tomake the air vent approximately at the center of the receptacle so thatthe tilting of the car will not affect an overflow of the air inlet.

What I claim as new is 1. The method of supplying explosive mixtures tointernal combustion engines which consists in passing a stream of air incontact With a body of liquid fuel supplied by but separated'from a massof fuel, taking the lighter ends o'f'the fuel exposed to the air to forman explosive mixture, exclusive of other mixture, then during thecontinuation of the formation of such mixture augmenting it with amixture formed by spraying the residual liquid fuel into a stream ofair, then s opping the flow of air through the liquid fuel, andcontinuing the formation of explosive mixture by spraying the fuel intothe air,

2. The method of supplying explosive mixtures to internal combustionengines which i consists in first passing a stream of air in contactwith a'body of liquid fuel used, takmg up aportion of the fuel exposedto the an to form an explosive mixture, while exeluding other mixtures,then during the continuation of the formation of such mixture during thecontinuation of such formation of such mixture augmenting it with amixture formed by spraying the residual liquid fuel into a stream ofair, then stopping the flow of air through the liquid fuel andcontinuing the formation of explosive mixture by spraying the fuel intothe air.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

CAR-L BREER.

augmenting it with a mixture formed by spraying the residual liquid fuelinto a stream of air, then stopping the flow of air through the liquidfuel and continuing the formation of explosive mixture by spraying theresidual fuel into the .air.

3; Themethod of supplying explosive mixtures to internal combustionengines which consists ,in .first passing a stream of air through a bodyof liquid fuel d taking up a portion thereof and preventingdilution ofsaid mixture. by the exclusion of outer air after ts passage through:the liquid, then

